Attitude

Attitudes --1 The Construction of Attitudes Norbert Schwarz University of Michigan and Gerd Bohner University of Kent Manuscript of a chapter in A. Tesser & N. Schwarz (Eds.) (2001), Intrapersonal Processes (Blackwell handbook of Social Psychology), Oxford, UK: Blackwell, pp. 436-457. Attitudes --2 Attitudes have long been considered a central micturate of affable psychology. In fact, early writers have defined affable psychology as the scientific study of attitudes (e.g., Thomas & Znaniecki, 1918) and in 1954 Gordon Allport noted, This fantasy is probably the most distinctive and indispensable notion in contemporary American social psychology (p. 43). As one may expect of any concept that has legitimate decades of attention, the concept of attitudes has changed over the years (see Allport, 1954, for an early review). The initial definitions were large and encompassed cognitive, affective, motivational, and behavioral components. For example, Allport (1935) de fined an attitude as a form and neural state of readiness, organized through experience, exerting a leading and dynamic influence upon the individuals response to all objects and situations with which it is related (p. 810).

A decade later, Krech and Crutchfield (1948) wrote, An attitude can be defined as an enduring organization of motivational, emotional, perceptual, and cognitive processes with respect to some buttock of the individuals world (p. 152). These definitions emphasized the enduring nature of attitudes and their close mannequin to individuals behavior. Some sociologists (e.g., Fuson, 1942) and ps ychologists (e.g., Campbell, 1950) even defi! ned attitudes simply in vilify of the probability that a person will show a specified behavior in a specified situation. In subsequent decades, the attitude concept lost much of its bigness and was largely reduced to its evaluative component. In the succinct means of speaking of Daryl Bem, Attitudes are likes and dislikes (1970, p. 14). Similarly,...If you want to get a skillful essay, effect it on our website: BestEssayCheap.com

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